Personnel Management (HRM) :: essays research papers

Personnel management - The renewed emphasis on the importance of human resources in the 1980s and 90s drew attention to the way in which people management was organized. Specifically, this meant a critical review of the functions of personnel management. Personnel management has been a recognized function in the USA since NCR opened a personnel office in the 1890s. In other countries the function arrived more slowly and came through a variety of routes. This excerpt from Human Resource Management in a Business Context looks at Personnel management from a historical perspective. Further notes: Traditional Personnel Functions †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recruitment - advertising for new employees and liaising with employment agencies. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Selection - determining the best candidates from those who apply, arranging interviews, tests, references. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Promotion - running similar selection procedures to determine progression within the organization. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pay - a minor or major role in pay negotiation, determination and administration. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Performance assessment - co-ordinating staff appraisal and counselling systems to evaluate individual employee performance. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grading structures - as a basis for pay or development, comparing the relative difficulty and importance of functions. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Training and development - co-ordinating or delivering programmes to fit people for the roles required by the organisation now and in the future. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Welfare - providing or liaising with specialists in a staff care or counselling role for people with personal or domestic problems affecting their work. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communication - providing internal information service, perhaps in the form of staff newspapers or magazines, handouts, booklets, videos. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee Relations - handling disputes, grievances and industrial action, often dealing with unions or staff representatives. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dismissal - on an individual basis as a result of failure to meet requirements or as part of a redundancy, downsizing or closure exercise, perhaps involving large numbers of people. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Personnel administration - record-keeping and monitoring of legislative requirements related to equal opportunities and possibly pensions and tax. Personnel Management Personnel management has been a recognised function in the USA since NCR opened a personnel office in the 1890s. American personnel managers worked within a unitarist tradition, identifying closely with the objectives of their organization (key concept 1.3). It was natural for HRM to emerge comparatively smoothly from this perspective. In other countries, notably Australia, South Africa and the UK, the personnel management function arrived more slowly and came from a number of routes. Moreover, its orientation was not entirely managerial. In Britain its origins can be traced to the 'welfare officers' employed by Quaker-owned companies such as Cadburys.

Logarithmic functions

John Napier is the man credited to have contributed hugely to the fields of science, philosophy and mathematics. Many believe that he is the brainchild of the modern computer science since he helped in making multiplication, division and root extraction much easier especially for very large numbers. In the world of mathematics the genius of a man, John Napier is credited to have invented the logarithms as early as 1614 and states in his book The â€Å"Descriptio† that he started contemplating the idea of logarithms twenty years earlier which was in the year 1594. Using Napier’s table in his book, calculations were made using the logarithm identities. These are the present first and second laws of logarithms: Log XY = Log X + Log Y as well as Log X / Y =Log X – Log Y. In his book â€Å"the Descriptio†John Napier defined logarithmic function as a differential equation. When the base is â€Å"b† and the variable is â€Å"x† the logarithm to the base â€Å"b† of the variable â€Å"x† can be defined as the â€Å"power to which you would raise â€Å"b† to get â€Å"x†. Other scientists define logarithm as â€Å"the exponent to which the base must be raised to produce a given number†(Standler, B.R 1990). That is expressed as: if Logbx   = n the bn = x or if Y = bLogx = by = x. there are three laws of logarithm that scientists use in interpreting logarithm: These laws are: The product to sum rule – This law expresses that the product of a logarithm is equal to the sum of the individual logarithms and is expressed as: Log bXY = Log b X+ Log b Y The second law – The quotient of different rule: states that the logarithm of a quotient is the same as subtracting the logarithm of the denominator from the logarithm of the numerator; Logbx/y = Log bx – Logby The third and final law – The power rule; states that logarithm of x equals to the exponent of that power multiplied to the logarithm of x Log bXn =nLogb X Common logarithms As earlier identified a logarithm to be valid must contain a base and a variable. Logarithms are classified into two: Natural logarithms and Common logarithm. In common logarithms the base of the logarithm is assumed to be 10 when not indicated in a function, that is â€Å"log 100 = 2 if the base is not indicated† since if log 10100 = x therefore 10x = 100 hence x = 2. Common logarithm is more prevalent when using arithmetic series as opposed to geometric series. Natural logarithms In the common logarithm system the base is expressed as b whereas in natural logarithms the base number is expressed as â€Å"e†. This number â€Å"e† comes into use after the great mathematician from Switzerland by the name Leonhard Euler. Currently â€Å"e† is the base used in calculus and has since been named as â€Å"natural base†. The value â€Å"e† Can be calculated from a series of factorials starting from one (1) This is; â€Å"e† = 1 + 1/1 +  ½ +1/3 +  ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and from this, the value of â€Å"e† is approximately 2.71828182845904. Currently, when Mathematicians calculate the natural logarithm of a number they indicate it as (log x) whereas physicists and engineers denote natural logarithms as lnX. Therefore log eX=ln X(Olds, C.D.1963) Logarithms make multiplication and division easier especially when using very big numbers, very small numbers and those with decimal points. Scientists use of the 1st and 2nd laws of logarithms when adding the logarithms of the numbers the result is the logarithm of the product of those numbers whereas. Subtracting the logarithms of two numbers gives the logarithm of the quotient of the numbers. These arithmetic properties of logarithms make such calculations much faster and less laborious. Although logarithm table are slowly becoming obsolete due to the invention of calculators and computers, logarithms themselves are still very useful. However, for manual calculations which also require a great degree of precision the logarithm tables are easier since one only needs to look up in the logarithm table and do some summation which are faster and easier than performing multiplication (Weisstein, E.W 2007). Other than making calculations less labor intensive and much faster the use of logarithms also increases the accuracy of the results of calculations. This is because the use of logarithms allows minimal errors as the values in the table are approximations of the actual values and thus the error is spread. The Keplers Rudolphine table that was published in 1627, made use of the logarithms and this resulted in more accurate values of latitudes of stars. They also together with Napier’s Analogues made it cheaper and easier to calculate angles and sides of spherical triangles. The importance of this new technique is evidenced by the development of logarithmic methods based on logarithmic scales enables multiplication to be quick and easy since there is decreased long multiplication. Logarithms are very essential in the work of astronomists, navigators, mathematicians and all other scientific fields like chemistry and physics. Logarithms for chemists Chemists use logarithms to calculate chemical reactions that are ever occurring in the world that we are living in. for instance the measure of acidity of a substance is made easier when using logarithms. In the PH scale substances have PH ranging from 0 –7. A juice with PH of 4 is 10 times more acidic that the one with a PH of 5. This PH scale is logarithmic and when there is a PH change of 1 unit the acidity changes by factor of 10. As identified by students of chemistry the strength of the acidity changes towards the negative direction that is the higher the PH, the less acidic the solution. This was calculated by use of very small numbers such as 0.00001 that is written in logarithmic form as (1 x 10-5) where –5 is the logarithm of the number (Standler B.R.1990). As we all know acidic solutions contain hydrogen ions H+(aq) and the pH is found by measuring the logarithm of the concentration of these ions and since many people would be confused by negative numbers, the PH is written assuming the negative sign and this not withstanding, the PH is a logarithmic scale and the acidity of a solution with a given PH is different from that of the next pH number not by 1unit but by factor 10. Electrical and Electronic engineers use decibels and bels as units of measurements. The bell is devised in a convenient way to measure power loss in a telephone system wiring rather than giving in amplifiers – originally, the bel used to represent the amount of signal power loss due to resistance over a standard length of electrical cable, however, it is presently defined in terms of logarithms of base 10. The Richter scale that is used to measure the earthquake intensity is a perfect analogy of the bel scale. The 6.0 Richter earthquakes are 10 times more powerful than a 5.0 Richter earthquake. This means that an advantage of using a logarithmic measurement scale is the tremendous range of extension affordable by a relatively small span of numerous values. Reference: Strandler, R.B 1990 â€Å"Editorial†: Mathematics for engineers. The journal of Undergraduate mathematics and its application vol II, pages 1-6, spring Olds, C, D, 1963. Continued fractions, Random House New York Weisstein, Eric W. â€Å"Natural logarithm† from math world a wolfram web resource Accessed online on 23/09/07   

Mexican Drug War The United States And Mexico - 1055 Words

A Narco History: How the United States and Mexico Created the â€Å"Mexican Drug War† analyzes Mexico’s modern history and how the country has seen a dramatic rise of drugs and consequently an increase in the number of people associated with drug cartels and also fighting between drug organizations resulting in bloodbaths all around Mexico. The Mexican government has declared a war on drugs, this period has seen the deaths of thousands of people that has put the country in a crisis state. Mexico s drug world has been greatly influenced by the United States, primarily due to sharing a bored but also people in the United States depend on the drugs from Mexico. The factor of close proximity between the United States and Mexico, these countries interact for numerous issues. On the issue of drugs, the United States has greatly influenced how Mexico should handle it. The creation of prohibition sets the foundations for the drug war we see ravaging the Mexican people today. The state that Mexico finds itself today has origins to the start of prohibition in the United States in the early 1900s.When the United States starting passing laws against the use of narcotics like opium and cocaine, and underground market opened and demand caused sellers to look south of the border. When the drugs started to appear on the black market, the prices rose dramatically, gaining the attention of traffickers. The climate in Mexico was ideal for growing these drugs and transportation to theShow MoreRelatedDrugs Inc1667 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Illegal drugs are no longer just a domestic problem. The drug trade business is a multibillion dollar enterprise that is run by international criminals. The drug lords behind these operations, non-nation-state actors, have become more powerful than the nation-states in their respective regions. The current â€Å"War on Drugs† strategy has offered little hope for any decisive victory; instead it has dealt primarily with domestic drug prevention, treatment, and market disruption. In this paperRead MoreMexican Drug War Outline816 Words   |  4 PagesCarpenter, Ted. Undermining Mexico’s Dangerous Drug Cartels. Cato Institute. N.p.. Web. 23 Jul 2013. lt;http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/undermining-mexicos-dangerous-drug-cartelsgt;. Al-Eryani, Ausan. Mexico’s drug war effects US as well. Collegiate Times. Virginia Tech. Web. 23 Jul 2013. lt;http://www.collegiatetimes.com/stories/18328/mexicos-drug-war-effects-us-as-well/p2gt;. Grillo, Ioan. US troops aid Mexico in drug war. Global Post. N.p.. Web. 23 Jul 2013. lt;http://wwwRead MoreDrug Cartels And The United States1688 Words   |  7 Pagessituation in Mexico regarding the Drug Cartels has been an ongoing battle that has taken the life of between 30,000 to 40,000 civilians, cartels henchmen and federal employees. The violence has evolved into something new in recent years. The brutality contributed by the drug cartels could potentially be labeled as terrorist acts. The strong domestic conflict surrounding the drug cartel in Mexico has boiled over the border and into the United States. Illegal drugs enter the United States through variousRead MoreThe Mexican President Felipe Calder989 Words   |  4 PagesName: Kevin Whitten Topic: Mexico s War on Drugs Purpose: Inform Organizational Plan: Topical Introduction Attention Getter: A bloody war has been raging on in North America for the last four years which has resulted in over 34,500 deaths as of December 2010, which was by far one of the most violent years so far with over 15,000 people killed. Speaker Purpose: Having been stationed in Fort Hood Texas for three years I often visited Mexico and being an addict in recovery, in some smallRead MoreDrug Cartel Violence And Mexico1616 Words   |  7 PagesWhat if I told you the drug cartel violence in Mexico is still one of the largest drug distributions in the world. The drug cartel violences taking place in Mexico have been going on for many years now and nobody has really tried to put a stop to it. Although Mexican drug cartels have existed for several decades, their influences have increased. Mexican drug cartels now dominate the wholesale illegal drug market. Arrests of key cartel leaders have led to increasing drug violence as cartels fightRead MoreThe United States Of America1419 Words   |  6 PagesThere a War Going on; but Who Fighting It? Within nine months of 2011 nearly 13,000 people were killed, not include the other 5,000 people reported missing accord to the National Human Rights Commission in Mexico, these incomprehensible numbers leave tens of thousands of children orphaned by the violence due to the drug war. With so many confirmed deaths, and disappearances, it may lead people to ask why the United States of America should get involved in the drug war going on in Mexico. To protectRead MoreMexico’s War on Drugs Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pagesconstantly keep an eye out for the smuggling of drugs by Mexican Cartels. There has been much violence due to this drug problem that has left many people near the border killed and is allowing more criminals to obtain these weapons. A lot of this attention goes to the U.S. because many of the weapons utilized in the â€Å"drug war† are U.S. made and is interfering with trading relations amongst both the U.S. and Mexico. With this current violent situation in Mexico this has transformed the flow of weapons toRead MoreThe Influencs of Mexican Drug Cartels on Every Day Life in Mexico708 Words   |  3 Pages EQ: How have Mexican cartels changed life for the everyday person in Mexico and what can the government do to stop their influence for future generations? The Mexican drug war has been going on for many decades now affecting many generations. Drug trafficking has gain more power by its sinister leaders that maintain power at all cost. This affects how mexico is perceived in the United States and rest of the world. The drug cartels have been taking advantage of Mexicans poor education ratesRead MoreMexican Drug Cartels: Problem of the Past or Indication of the Future?1688 Words   |  7 Pages The Mexican drug war began in the 1960s, with America’s love for illegal drugs fueling the fire. Narco-violence has claimed the lives of thousands of citizens in recent years. Drug cartels have become comparable to Mafia figures, and have resorted to Mafia-style violence to prove to the Mexican government that they remain in control. The violence caused by drug cartels is rumored to lead Mexico to become a failed state. George W. Grayson, regular lecturer at the United States Department of StateRead MoreThe United Statesstrategy For Co mbating Drug Trafficking Across Their Shared Border1521 Words   |  7 PagesSince 2008, the United States and Mexico have worked collaboratively to combat drug trafficking across their shared border. The State Department’s current position on the situation is to to support continued cooperation with Mexico and collaborate on strategies to increase security and create policy measures that strengthen the rule of law. The State Department divides the United States’ strategy for combatting drug trafficking into four strategies: targeting cartels and their operations, aiding

Criminology is the Scientific Study of a Crime - 1026 Words

The definition of Criminology is the scientific study of crime, as a social phenomenon of criminals, and penalty treatment (Citation Required). Criminology is the basis of the criminal justice system, it aids with assessing criminals and punishing them justly within the justice system. One key question that should be asked is the justice system allowing criminals to get away by pleading insane, mental, or saying that they weren’t in control of their body. This paper will look at specific examples of the relationship between neuroscience and the criminology and the law in our societies. The abuse of different types of drugs and alcohol over time will have negative side effects on your brain and body as a whole. This will create medical conditions for individuals, resulting in them being used as an excuse to break the law and get away. This cannot be said about all situations, there is the exception where the medical condition of an individual had nothing to do with his or her past actions. Yet, offenders still tend to get of the charges they acquired with a slap on a wrist if their lawyer can twist their story to make it seem it wasn’t completely their fault, and it is more so to base on the medical condition the offender posses or possessed. This is an important topic that should receive more attention within the field of law and criminology. It can have a big impact on our legal and justice system, and how cases and crime will be assessed and prosecuted. TheShow MoreRelatedCriminology And The Scientific Study Of Crime And Criminals767 Words   |  4 Pages1. What is criminology and which scientific areas does it borrow from? Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals including its causes. It is a sub-group of sociology which is the scientific study of social behavior. Criminology uses several fields of study, including psychology, psychiatry, statistics, and anthropology. 2. What is meant by valid and reliable statistics? A valid statistic measures facts. While a reliable statistic measures consistency from one measurementRead MoreCriminology : The Scientific Study Of Crime As An Individual And Social Phenomenon835 Words   |  4 PagesCriminology is the scientific study of crime as an individual and social phenomenon. Criminological research areas include the incidence of crime as well as its causes and consequences. They also include social and governmental regulations and reactions to crime. Nation master.com (2013) highlights that â€Å"in criminology the positivist school has attempted to find scientific objectivity for the measurement and quantification of criminal behaviour†. The Positivist School of thought presumes thatRead MoreClassicalism vs. Positivism1546 Words   |  7 Pagesis crime? What makes people commit crimes and how can we stop it? These, and many other questions similar to these, are asked by criminologists everyday. Criminology is an ever growing field, mainly because there is more and more research occurring and new theories linking people and crime coming out everyday. Below the main field of criminology there are many subfields that have different theories and philosophies on what they believe link criminal behavior. Two of the main criminology perspectivesRead MoreCriminology And Sociology And Criminology1213 Words   |  5 PagesWhere the Two Meet Criminology is where criminal justice and Sociology meet and come together. Sociology is a social science where the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society happen. Criminology is also a social science that studies crime and criminal behavior. Sociologists, by studying society and relationships, are able to determine the thoughts and actions of individuals or criminals. Each science can relate to other sciences and Criminology relates to PsychologyRead MoreThe Role Of Criminology And The Criminal Justice System1565 Words   |  7 Pagesis concerned. Violation of these set rules is a crime and it is punishable as stipulated in most state constitutions across the world. Through criminal justice systems, people’s conducts are judged according to guiding laws and principles and those found guilty are punished for their crimes. Criminological enterprise In the above context, criminology therefore refers to the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior. Apparently, every crime committed is usually motivated by different factorsRead MoreThe Various Theories of Criminology 1276 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology is defined as an interdisciplinary profession built around the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior including their forms, causes, legal aspects, and control. There are many aspects in the field of criminology. These aspects include the areas of research involved, the criminology schools of thought, theoretical developments and the people involved in creating and developing the theories. What role do criminologists play in the field of criminology? The term criminologistRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology935 Words   |  4 PagesClassical School of Criminology? The major principles in the Classical School of Criminology are that humans are rational and that our behavior comes from free will, and our human behavior is derived from pain and pleasure. To deter criminal’s punishment is necessary, which may set an example for others. As well as crime prevention should be implemented with quick regulated punishment for violations of the law. What were some forerunners of classical thought in criminology? Some forerunners ofRead MoreCriminology And The Criminal Justice System824 Words   |  4 PagesAs it pertains to the last ten years, Criminology and its relevance to the criminal justice system has been taught internationally to a number of students seeking employment within the criminal justice field. Criminology (as a whole) is a comprehensive study of criminal behavior, crime as a social matter, and criminal conduct. This is best explained in Stout’s book titled Applied Criminology when it is stated that â€Å"Different criminological theories emerge from different contexts, are shaped by differentRead MoreCriminology And Breaking Of Law821 Words   |  4 PagesïÆ'Ëœ Criminology: Criminology is the scientific study of crime including its reason, action by agencies or government and methods of control or prevention. According to Edwin Sutherland he defined criminology as the study of the making of laws, the breaking of laws, and society’s reaction to the breaking of laws. o Making of laws: A proposal for a new law or a change to an existing one is called a bill. The stages involved in law making includes bill, first reading, second reading, committee stageRead MoreCriminology: The Evolution of Crime Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology has evolved over history into becoming a discipline all its own, along the way it grew and developed from a multiple sources of disciplines to become an integration of various theories. Reasons that seek to explain crime and deviant behaviors has mirrored the time in which research was being conducted and as time continues to change it is to be expected more theories will arise to incorporate past theories to become ever more inclusive. It is important to understand this development from

Modern Election Arguments Against The Electoral College

Brendon Goss Ms. Houle English 9-8 11 April 2017 The Modern Election-Arguments Against the Electoral College The electoral college is a mash-up of ancient ideas that amalgamate in an outdated mess that doesn t make sense in the modern day. In the 2000 US election, George W. Bush won the electoral college and lost the popular vote, This proved that the electoral college has too much power in comparison to the popular vote and disproved what the founding fathers had planned for the college included all peoples having equal representation. The founding fathers had planned the electoral college as a compromise between the people and congress choosing the president. With modern day technologies, this system from the as become obsolete. The†¦show more content†¦The electoral college has not changed since its conception in the first congressional convention in 1836. Even then, many of the pre-existing things are vague and cryptic such as in the constitution the electoral college is only referenced once in article II. Article II-1 of the U.S. Constitution states â€Å"The executive Powe r shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice- President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.†(Presidental Election Laws, ). As this reading states briefly that the number of electors is dictated by a legislator and the legislator bases the number of electors on the population. These things should be fixed in order to better represent all states equally within the electoral college. Arguments Against the Electoral College The four major arguments against the Electoral CollegeShow MoreRelatedThe Electoral College : Ingenious Or Inept? Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Electoral College: Ingenious or Inept? The 2016 presidential election left many voters feeling bitter and hostile. President-elect Donald Trump is a minority president, meaning that he won the electoral vote yet lost the popular vote (â€Å"2016 Election Results†). There have only been four minority presidents preceding Trump: John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin Harrison, and George W. Bush (Stepman). However, recently some voters and politicians began calling for eliminating the electoralRead MoreThe Electoral College System Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Electoral College system, as presented by Hamilton, every voice is heard and there is a greater guarantee that the elected will effectively represents those voices in office. During election season, the people in the states vote for the representatives that will make up the Electoral College. The people within the states will votes for the prudent few that they believe best conform to their political interests, just as they do for those vot ed into the House of Representatives. As a resultRead MoreAnalysis Of Federalist 10 By James Madison1525 Words   |  7 PagesMadison, he addresses key issues like factions and democracy, all while focusing on the usefulness of the Constitution and the necessity of a strong central government, to defend his Federalist ideology. Personally, I agree with the foundation of his arguments, especially on the topic of forms of government, as well as the role of representation in our government. Madison’s primary focus throughout the beginning of this paper is factions. He holds a deep disdain for them as he thinks that they solely focusRead MoreFederalists Vs. Anti Federalists1518 Words   |  7 Pagesincompatible. In fact, a â€Å"filtered mirror† that merges the two theories together in a system that is both inclusive and deliberative, would better serve the interest of the public and government at large. The Anti-Federalists raised several well founded arguments for a state referendum, in which every eligible voter could voice his opinions on policy choices. To these statesmen, mass participation served â€Å"as a proxy for actual consent† and the only way â€Å"in which the true Sentiments of the people could beRead MorePresidential Election : The Presidential Electoral College, Civic Engagement, And Campaign Strategies Essay1941 Words   |  8 Pagesof the 2016 Presidential Election stunned the world. But were these results really all that surprising? America was prepared for a change in policy and election projections were incorrect due to the fact that there existed many â€Å"under cover Trumpers†, whom voted their conscience but were not willing to openly admit their political beliefs for fear of condemnation. The 2016 Presidential Election results open many areas for research into the legitimacy of the Electoral College, civic engagement, andRead MoreMidterm . Section One: . Shay’S Rebellion: An Uprising1811 Words   |  8 Pageshas the power, a hereditary one, holds political power. The fear of monarchy is what led the Founding Fathers to devise a plan to divide the power amongst the government. Electorate: Citizens entitled to vote in an election. This term has a strong significance towards elections because we get to vote for whom we think should represent our country. Enumerated Powers: Powers granted to congress under a specific Article in the Constitution. These powers include the right to tax and provide nationalRead More Electoral College Reform Essay2402 Words   |  10 PagesIn order to fully understand the underlying problems of the Electoral College we have to look back at the time that the idea of the Electoral College itself was proposed and see how the culture of the time and the ideologies of the people involved helped shaped the final outcome. Life today is much different than it was two hundred odd something years ago, and it’s fair to say that the political ideals and social norms around our society have changed drastically. When the founding fathers sat downRead MoreEssay on John Adams1466 Words   |  6 Pagesthe early formation of the new federal power (Ferling, 1992). Adams was a well educated, seasoned patriot, and experienced diplomat. He was the runner-up in the election in which George Washington was selected the first United States President. According to the electoral-college system of that time, the second candidate with the most electoral votes became the Vice President (Smelser amp; Gundersen, 1975). As president, Washington appointed, among others, two influential political leaders to his originalRead More Government and Politics - We Need Election Reform in America1754 Words   |  8 Pagesperhaps both. -- James Madison (Focus 1) The United States has strived to be a true democracy, a place in which the citizens are free to govern themselves, since its inception. For a democracy to work, the citizens must remain knowledgeable and elections must remain unbiased. Our current system of electing presidents fails in both of these regards: citizens are only given two choices that stand any chance of winning and their decisions between those two candidates are influenced not by knowledgeRead MorePresidential Election Of Modern America Essay2251 Words   |  10 PagesPresidential elections in modern America are incredibly complex and multi-faceted, and have only grown more intricate as time progresses. First, a candidate must win the nomination of his or her party through a series of state primaries or caucuses. To do this, the candidate must appeal specifically to his or her party demographic, and is more concerned with the inter-party competition than the competition from the other party. Once the nomination is fo rmally awarded to a candidate at the respective

Force and Movie Batman Leaps Free Essays

Superheroes have been around for a time now, since 1934 starting with Mandrake the Magician made by Lee Falk, and then came Superman made by Joe Shuster and Jerry Siegel. But how do superheroes do what they do? They play mind tricks, can lift up incredible amounts of weight and do stuff no regular human can do. In this paper I’m writing you will see how superheroes violate Newton’s 3 laws of motion. We will write a custom essay sample on Force and Movie Batman Leaps or any similar topic only for you Order Now First let’s talk about batman and the movie that just came out called the dark night rises. In this movie batman leaps from a building for 4 to 5 seconds before opening his wings neglecting significant air resistance (this affect Newton’s 3rd law). Scientists found out that all that force applied exert about 1600 pounds of force to his arms. Not even the worlds strongest man can lift that much!! Next we talk about spider-man and his trickery. In his the movie spider-man 3 is basically immortal, never dying person. For example In a climatic battle scene spider man fall 80 stories and survives without breaking a bone, concussion, or presumably any internal bleeding. Lets use Newton’s second law to calculate (Fnet=ma) how much force the ground exerts on spider-man upon impact. After calculation we see that the weight of that fall is 47 tons. Wow if that any one else they would have die. Lastly we talk about the science of star trek (Kirk’s magic fingers). In the trailer we see that James T. Kirk is driving a car which is going about 80 mph (36 m/s). the car seems to be about 30 meters from edge when it starts skidding through dirt and sand. Newton second law says Fnet = Ffriction = Â µmg = ma where the acceleration of the car is completely due to the friction force. M is the mass of the car, g is equal to the acceleration due to gravity (9. 8m/s2) , Â µ is the coefficient of sliding friction between sand and tires (0. 5 at most), and a is the acceleration of the car. Solving for a we get: a = Â µg = (0. 5)(9. 8m/s2) = 4. 9 m/s2If we assume a relatively constant acceleration then a = (v2 – v02)/2x Where v0 = 36m/s, a = – 4. 9 m/s2 and x = 30 m. Solving for v we find that the car goes over the cliff at a speed v = 32 m/s. so we figure out that Kirk fingers can hold 877 pounds. Someone knows how to work their fingers. So now you see what happens behind the scenes . So the next you see a movie don’t believe you see. How to cite Force and Movie Batman Leaps, Essay examples

Non Communicable Disease for Clinical Condition - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theNon Communicable Disease for Clinical Condition. Answer: Stroke is a clinical condition in which sudden interruptions to the blood flow in the particular area of the brain results in sudden numbness, weakness, paralysis and speech difficulty in patients. The chance of a stroke increases with age and for people above 50 years old, the likelihood of stroke doubles (Jauch et al. 2017). Older adults above 50 years age with stroke can be empowered to promote their personal health by means of self care and self management education. For older adults with stroke, managing self care needs become a major problem and nurses can play a role in teaching patient about self care responsibility for living with the disease. Education mainly in the area of doing daily activities, changing behaviour, understanding the disease complications and nutritional needs empower patient to maintain their health (Aslani et al. 2016). According to Parke et al. (2015), the five self management skills that stroke patients require include problem solving, taking adequate actions, contact with health care providers, effective resource utilization and adapting appropriate health behaviour. As older patients above 50 years old mainly tend to develop cognitive impairment, self management intervention mainly focus on training in ADL, supporting patient with adaptive equipment and providing remediation training. During self management support, patients are taught to deal with psychological responses and managing emotional stress due to the disease. Research evidence also suggests that changes in physical fitness and physical activity is also crucial to maintain health of older patients with stroke. Incorportating yoga in self management interventions provide self management efficacy to patients (Portz et al. 2016). There are many types of services available to support successful management of people with stroke. The first service available for people living with stroke is the rehabilitative service. This service is started after acute care in stroke units. The main purpose of post stroke rehabilitation is mainly to build the strength and capacity of people in self care skills, mobility skills, communication skills, cognitive skills and social skills. Community based rehabilitation may include various types of service such as physiotherapy or speech and language therapy (Winstein et al. 2016). Support in the area of healthy eating and maintaining healthy lifestyle minimize the chances of another stroke. Adult social services are also involved to enhance leisure and social interaction in this group of patients. Services are also available for carers and their families of patient with stroke so that they get the necessary information to maintain independence and enhance coping skills in people with stroke. The advantage of this form of support for carer is that they get access to general information of the disease and other ways to provide emotional support to patients. Example of other services as part of rehabilitation program for stroke includes nutritional care, psychology, social work, support groups, audiology and recreational therapy. The advantage of recreational therapy is that it help patients to get back to their pre stroke lifestyle and activities (Post-Stroke Rehabilitation 2017). Australia has a national strategy for heart, stroke and vascular disease and the main goal is to maximize the opportunities for prevention of heart, stroke and vascular disease through the uptake of evidence based strategies that are disseminated specifically for the general population, those at high risk and people suffering from the disease. Due to the magnitude of death and illness due to heart, stroke and vascular disease, taking preventive steps became necessary. The population based strategies include: Taking coordinated step to promote physical activity and healthy eating in the population to minimize the risk of the disease Engage in strategies to control risk factors of disease such as tobacco consumption and smoking Taking support initiatives to provide good nutrition and physical activity to people living in remote areas The national strategy for people at high risk of stroke included: Focussing on specific health promotion programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people Taking targeted strategies for people with mental health condition and lacking social support Creating awareness regarding the management of atrial fibrillation and stroke Developing informative tools to empower health care staffs to assess risk of disease In case of people, already having the disease, the strategy is to promote best practice in medication and lifestyle management and minimizing the chances of another stroke event. The Australian government also focused on addressing all barriers to recognition and treatment of depression in people with stroke (National Strategy for HSVH in Australia. (2017). Different stroke survivors after releasing from the hospitals are advised to take on rehabilitation services. Rehabilitation services although planned for a certain fixed amount of time are often can never ensure that the conditions of the patient will get better within the stipulated time. Mostly the services extend beyond the stipulated time probably because they do not closely analyze the patient needs when they admit to the ward. Proper diagnosing of the patients requirements and needs after thoroughly assessing his conditions are present in very few services and therefore this is a gap which needs to be fulfilled by such services. The services fail to identify the pace of recovery that fits with the needs and abilities of the patients. Patient usually move through different levels of care during their recover and proper distinctions between them is significant. There is often failure from the part of service providers in deciding the right setting for the rehabilitation services. Often gaps in identifying the different elements for rehabilitation in a disciplined systematic approach are not followed. Need to overcome the gap to identify the severity and unique characteristics of the physical abilities caused by stroke to a particular patient are important to provide person centred care. Often presence of other medical conditions like kidney diseases, arthritis and hart diseases are also necessary and so the multidisciplinary team should be well prepared (Kakkar et al. 2013). Moreover this services as go on for long prod between the stipulated dates, often huge financial flow takes place and therefore there is gap in developing insurance coverage which would help such patients. Incorporating family members like by properly empowering them of health literacy is important. Patient resources: What is stroke? What does it affect? A stroke is a form of disorder which can attack anyone at any time. It mainly takes place when the flow of blood is cut off from reaching a particular area. When such an incidence takes place, the cells of the brain do not get oxygen as blood carries the oxygen. These cells then start to die. The activities which are controlled by that part of the brain get eventually impaired (Jauch et al. 2013). Therefore, it is seen in many cases that memory of a person after stroke is lost or the controls of the muscles also gets lost. The degree by which a person is affected by stroke depends entirely on the location of the brain where the stroke occurs. It also depends on the intensity by which the cells of the brain are damaged. A person who has faced small strokes might face minor issues like temporary weakness of an arm or leg (Powers et al. 2015). People with larger strokes may face adverse outcomes like permanent paralysis of one side of body or loses their ability to speak. What are the risk factors that cause stroke? The risk factors that causes stroke can be lifestyle mismanagement as well as medical conditions can also cause so. The lifestyle risk factors mainly include being overweight or suffering from obesity. Others may include being physical inactive and not performing exercises. Others include heavy deinking as well as binge drinking. Moreover use of illicit drugs like cocaine and methamphetamines all increases the risk of strokes (Fleisher et al. 2014). Other risk factors also include high blood pressure, cigarette smoking, high cholesterol and diabetes. Moreover obstructive sleep dyspnoea and cardiovascular diseases increase the chance of the risk. Other factors increase personal as well as family history of stroke. Moreover being over the age of 55 or older increases the chance of stroke. Besides, there are certain races where the incidence of strokes is higher like African Americans. Moreover genders also play a role as males are more prone to strokes than females. Some of the complications involve: Paralysis or loss of movement of muscles. Difficulty in swallowing as well as talking. Loss of memory and difficulty in thinking. Changes in behaviours as well as issues with self care abilities. Pain and emotional problems (Saxena et al. 2015). What are the screening techniques for strokes? Cholesterol testing helps to know whether any risk persist in an individual. Id he has higher level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol called LDL, he would have a higher chance of stroke. Aortic aneurysm screening mainly involves the ultrasound of the largest blood vessel which is located in the abdomen. Abnormal bulging leads to ruptured if detection is not done on right time. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) helps in finding the blockage in the arteries of the legswhich can lead to amputation. This is done by checking the blood pressure at the ankles and arms to identify the flow of blood patter in the legs. Carotid artery screening which helps in checking the ultrasound of the main artery present in the neck which eventually leads to brain (Ajwani et al. 2017). Atrial Fibrillation is identified by detection of abnormal heart rhythm by limited ECG. This increases the risk of stroke by several times. What lifestyle changes are required for preventing or managing strokes? Smoking increases the risk for strokes. Therefore smoking should be reduced gradually until quitting. Blood pressure should be maintained with prescribed medications and other techniques mentioned by doctors. A low salt, low fat diet and regular exercises are important to control hypertension. Cholesterol should be maintained by taking of proper medicines and diets. Diabetes should be managed by proper diet, exercise plan and proper medication adherence. Risks for atrial fibrillation should be looked after by taking proper beta-blocker medication Alcohol consumption should be maintained. Little alcohol taking is not an issue but high amount of alcohol drinking increases the risks (Hankey et al. 2014). Obesity should be controlled by proper diet and exercises. What are the services and resources for stroke patients? Every community have community support programs that provide support to stroke patients after their return form hospitalisation. Moreover rehab centres are also present. They provide multidisciplinary approach in caring for the different complications faced by patients like in movement, speech developments, swallowing issues, independency development and others. Moreover there are also care centres who allocate caregivers to homes where the patients are cared for within homes only (Emberson et al. 2014). Moreover they should be helped with brochures, pamphlets, weekend education classes which increase health literacy regarding prevention of the stroke incidences. References: Ajwani, S., Jayanti, S., Burkolter, N., Anderson, C., Bhole, S., Itaoui, R. and George, A., 2017. Integrated oral health care for stroke patientsa scoping review.Journal of clinical nursing,26(7-8), pp.891-901. Aslani, Z., Alimohammadi, N., Taleghani, F. and Khorasani, P., 2016. Nurses Empowerment in Self-Care Education to Stroke Patients: An Action Research Study.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery,4(4), p.329. Emberson, J., Lees, K.R., Lyden, P., Blackwell, L., Albers, G., Bluhmki, E., Brott, T., Cohen, G., Davis, S., Donnan, G. and Grotta, J., 2014. 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Portz, J.D., Waddington, E., Atler, K.E., Van Puymbroeck, M. and Schmid, A.A., 2016. Self-Management and Yoga for Older Adults with Chronic Stroke: A Mixed-Methods Study of Physical Fitness and Physical Activity.Clinical Gerontologist, pp.1-8. Post-Stroke Rehabilitation. (2017).Strokeassociation.org. Retrieved 19 October 2017, from https://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/LifeAfterStroke/RegainingIndependence/PhysicalChallenges/Post-Stroke-Rehabilitation_UCM_310447_Article.jsp#.Wegjk2iCz6Q Powers, W.J., Derdeyn, C.P., Biller, J., Coffey, C.S., Hoh, B.L., Jauch, E.C., Johnston, K.C., Johnston, S.C., Khalessi, A.A., Kidwell, C.S. and Meschia, J.F., 2015. 2015 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association focused update of the 2013 guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke regarding endovascular treatment.Stroke,46(10), pp.3020-3035. 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