Performance Evaluation Using Accounting Information

What is performance evaluation? o Performance evaluations are formal review processes designed to encourage the informal day-to-day practice of performance management, while providing a framework in support of merit pay adjustments, promotion and employment decisions. Evaluating staff performance and helping employees develop their skills are important duties associated with performance management. Performance management begins with supervisors and employees collaboratively setting goals and standards, clearly communicating performance expectations and evaluating the results during the performance evaluation process. o o A performance appraisal is a systematic and periodic process that assesses an individual†¦show more content†¦Accounting data frequently is used in performance evaluations, because it is seen as an objective method to evaluate performance. While there are many advantages to using accounting information for this purpose, small-business owners should be carefu l to understand that there are drawbacks as well. Knowing the pros and cons of using accounting metrics can help business owners choose the right data to use for evaluating employee performance. Budget to Actual Many businesses expect employees to achieve budget targets as part of their overall performance. While the specifics requirements of each employee differ with the position and nature of the company, it is common for employees to be expected to sell a certain number of items, control costs versus a budgeted amount or reduce waste compared with a benchmark. A potential downfall of using budget information for performance evaluation is that employees may be so concerned with making budget targets that they may do so at the cost of other parts of the business. Sales Growth Sales employees and business management frequently are evaluated on the basis of sales growth. Sales growth usually is calculated as the percentage that sales have increased over the prior year. While this metric is commonly used to gauge performance, it does not come without drawbacks. If the general economy changes from year to year, then sales may naturally be increasing or decreasing. For example, if the economy is inShow MoreRelatedWhy The Training Program Is Effective Essay873 Words   |  4 Pagesas accounting clerks need to deal with different ethical dilemmas in the future. For example, supervisors may want accounting clerks to input incorrect financial data so that a company’s financial statements are attractive to investors. Section b I need to let new workers to write a test about basic accounting concepts so that I know what concepts workers are familiar. I can anticipate what new employees need to review based on tests’ result. I will use a presentation method which traineesRead MorePrimary Users: Financial Accounting704 Words   |  3 PagesPrimary users Financial accounting : the primary users of financial accounting are the external users, shareholders, investors , creditors, lenders and government. Share holders are using financial information to know about their investment e.g how the investment is running, what is the organization profit and what is the value of the organization. Investors use financial information to know in which organization they should invest and to look how was the organsation performance in the past so thatRead MoreApplication Of Management Accounting Theories Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pages Executive Summary Management accounting is one important area which is widely used in many industries and areas. The application of management accounting theories, methods, tools and principles could influence one company’s decision making process, evaluation process, performance estimation and investment management. This report will emphasize two important areas which are investment appraisal and variance analysis which are used to make the decision and estimation. For investment appraisalRead MoreEffects Of Cash Management1482 Words   |  6 Pagesdecisions and financing decisions as independent variables were used to measure financial performance in place of the dependent variable. The researchers were used self-administered questionnaire with quantities, and sample size of 100. The study presented that measured individually; there is a positive relationship between working capital management; investment decisions; financial decisions and financial performance. Also, the study indicated that the collective effect of financial management practicesRead MoreAssumptions on Accounting Information Systems1575 Words   |  6 PagesAssumptions on Accounting Information Systems: Accounting Information Systems have emerged as very famous components of modern businesses mainly because they offer beneficial and timely information to management in addition to being cost-effective. Generally, these systems are helpful in book account payables, cash transactions, receivables, and every other accounting function in an orderly manner. The need for an effective accounting information system in an organization is attributed to the hugeRead MoreSummary of Balanced Scorecard1465 Words   |  6 PagesUsing the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System Kaplan, Robert S., Norton, David P. Harvard Business Review; Jan/Feb1996, Vol. 74 Issue 1, p75-85, 11p, 3 Diagrams Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton introduced the balanced scorecard, which supplemented traditional financial measures with criteria that measured performance from the perspectives of customers, internal business processes, and learning and growth. The scorecard enabled companies to track financial results while monitoringRead MoreRodolfo Furniture Store Budget Analysis Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pagesdirection the entity would like to go. Erroneous decisions can lead to bad decisions that may end up in losses for the company. Rodolfo Furniture is on the verge of making a shift from a furniture maker to distributer. Yet only if the ethical accounting practices have been place into the production of the analysis; can Rodolfo Furniture decide on its future. Budgeting: Risks Associated with Sales Forecast The preparation of the usually begins with a sales forecast. The sales forecast and theRead MoreTraditional Financial Reporting and its Limitations962 Words   |  4 Pagesprovides information about the financial performance, position as at a given date, changes in financial position, etc., that are useful for economic decision. Some of the information content may include the statement of an entity’s assets (non-current and current), liabilities (short and long time), ownership structure, and statement of income, expenditure and profits. It may also provide information on investing, operating and financial activities cash flows. Aside from this, it information contentsRead MoreFmc Course Netherland1093 Words   |  5 PagesMarcel van Rinsum Associate Professor RSM Erasmus University Department Accounting Control mrinsum@rsm.nl Introduction Financial Management Control Systems (FMCS) form the bridge between the organization’s strategy and its operations. Their pur pose is to align managerial behaviour and decision making with organizational goals. Although management controls are typically embedded in the organization’s financial management and accounting systems, their design and use should be based on a thorough understandingRead MoreRatio and Financial Ratio Analyisis1712 Words   |  7 Pagesthe use of financial ratios. Ratio analysis is an established technique—involving the relationship between two or more variables--that is used to conduct qualitative analysis of information contained in a company’s financial statement to evaluate both current company performance and attempt to predict future performance. The process begins by acquiring the company’s annual financial statement reports (balance sheets, income statements, statement of cash flows and statement of retained earnings)

History Comparison free essay sample

The famous composers of the Baroque period include Monteverdi, Purcell, Barbara Strokes, Vivaldi, Handel, Mourner, Bach, etc. While the major composers in Classical period are Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert and so on. Baroque is an older style of music, and It lots of times has all the Instruments playing the same melody, while classical has various Interchanging parts and melody. The melody In Baroque period Is repeated, although It is distinct but It Is not lyrical.In Baroque music, the phrasing was continuous with wide leaps, chromatic tones for emotional effect, while n Classical music phrasing was short, balanced and based on cadences. Classical music has very clear melodies and can be identified easily. To be clear, its a single melody with accompaniment. One voice carries the primary melody which is tuneful, diatonic and with narrow leaps, while another voice plays a simpler line that supports the melody. Baroque ornamentation was very common especially trills, figuration, structural and mordents sometimes turns. We will write a custom essay sample on History Comparison or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, Classical ornaments were used but not as much. Baroque rhythmic patterns are often repeated throughout a piece. Its steady, energetic pulse and freer in vocal music. While classical Is regularly recurring accents and sounds dance rhythms favored. Baroque composers were the first to use complex harmonies In their compositions. They use chromatic harmony for expressive effect or the major-minor system established with brief excursions to other keys. In Classical, the use of tonic- dominant relationship expanded and as a result, it becomes basis for large-scale form.Baroque music is primarily characterized by its polyphonic texture, meaning that the music contains 2 or more independent melodic voices. Multiple melodic lines in different voices. While Classical is more towards a single melody with accompaniment. This created music with less texture but with a more clearly defined melody. The examples of instrumental genres in Baroque period are trio sonata, concerto gross, suite, prelude, fugue, channel, piccalilli. While symphony, solo concerto, solo sonata, string quartet, and other chamber music genres and In Classical.Classical music Is generally considered to have begun with the Invention of the sonata. In Baroque period, opera was a new and growing In popularity at the beginning. Italy was the center of operatic creation. Besides, oratorio became a much popular art form in England for a period of time. Mass and cantata also included in vocal genres at that time. In Classical, Opera became more grand. Mozart was one of the first composer to write an opera. But still, mass and oratorio still exist at that time.Baroque use of dynamics are often over exaggerated and can be interpreted differently. The dynamics change suddenly rather than gradually as they contrast the forte or piano to make the echo effects. However, Classical music used more dynamics. For example, the uses of continuously changing dynamics through crescendo and decrescendo. In Baroque music, the string orchestra concept begun, with added woodwinds. Also, the harpsichord or organ were used instead of a piano Instruments and It was the main social Instrument.In Classical, the orchestra was enlarged and organized Into Its present four females(woodwind, string, brass and percussion. The orchestra was massive advancements in the string section and brass Nas used and the clarinet and trombone was added. Also, the piano was invented and used and became the main social instrument of the day. Baroque music also allowed for much more improvisation than Classical music and featured many more opportunities for ensemble soloing. The soloists often improvised melodies and phrases. And the harmonies realized from figured bass.During the classical period, musicians were known to follow the music rather than improvising and adding ornamentation. Especially, their improvisation are largely limited to cadences in concertos. Furthermore, in Baroque music, each piece features a single emotion, meaning, a piece that begins happy will remain happy. However, Classical music is emotional balance and restraint. In Baroque period, a melody(theme) usually appears in sequence, the style remains the same and quite chromatic at times. In Classical period, the melodic lines were simpler and more diatonic compare to the Baroque.

Outline and evaluate one theory of the formation of romantic relationships Essay Example

Outline and evaluate one theory of the formation of romantic relationships Paper One of the theories that helps explain why some people choose one person over the other or some relationships just don’t work is the ‘Filter Model’ (FM) which was proposed by Kerchoff and Davis in 1962.  The FM argues that relationships develop through 3 filters, so therefore, different factors are important at different times. There are many potential partners but slowly we narrow them down to potential partners that we could realistically form a romantic relationship with, through the process of filtering. The first filter looks at demographic or social variables. So we discard those people who we will never come into contact during our lives. Therefore this leaves us with the people who we tend to mix with: go to school/ work, live in the same area or do the same activities or sports. As we can’t meet everyone in the world, billions are automatically filtered out as it would be impossible to establish a relationship with them. The second filter is that of ‘Similarities of Attitudes and Values’. If couples share ideas, values and beliefs then communication will be easy but if they don’t then they would hardly have anything to talk about, so their relationship wouldn’t be able to progress. Due to this people who are very different to us are also filtered out. The last filter is ‘Complementary Needs’ where once a relationship is established we take into account how well the couple are together and how they meet each other’s needs. If the partners don’t complement each other then they will be filtered out, so therefore the relationship will end before it has properly begun. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and evaluate one theory of the formation of romantic relationships specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and evaluate one theory of the formation of romantic relationships specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and evaluate one theory of the formation of romantic relationships specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The FM is supported by various studies, for example a researcher tested the model and found that in the initial stages of a relationship, the second filter was the most important but after 18 months the third was more important. This supports the theory because it argues that different factors are important at different times in the relationship. In the initial stages, in order for the relationship to progress the couple must share things in common in order to be able to communicate with each other. However, as the relationship develops the third filter starts becoming more important as you’re starting to enrol in a long term relationship. Each partner will have to complement each other’s needs if not the relationship will inevitably end, so this is why after about 18 months filter 3 does become more important. Furthermore, Sprecher in 1998 found that those matched in physical attractiveness, social background and interests were more likely to develop a long term relationship. This also supports the FM as in the second filter, we filter out those who are very different to us and only keep those who share interest and have things in common. Taking it to a simple level, if one partner is very physically attractive but the other isn’t, then that person may feel insecure because they think that their partner should be with someone of their ‘standards’. Also, if there is nothing or very little in common then communication will be very difficult, thus leading to the end of the relationship. There are some issues with the methodology used when testing the FM. Firstly it was a longitudinal study so it could be subject to attrition. As participants had the right to withdraw, then those who felt they were inadequate in the study would have dropped out, leaving those who are better in relationships, maybe for reasons such as they are securely attached. This would have led to the results obtained being biased as the sample wouldn’t have been representative. In conjunction with this, questionnaires were used. As it was an opportunity sample the students may have responded in a way that they thought would benefit the researcher and in a way that was regarded by social norms. Therefore all these factors show that there was social desirability bias, demand characteristics and population validity. There is another type of bias; social economic bias, as student couples of the same age group and culture were used. This is further reinforced as only one generation was used. If a few generations would have been used then there may have been another trend in the results, for example older generations would have found filter 2 more important than filter 3. By explaining relationship formation in stages it fails to capture their fluid and dynamic nature. Some relationships flow at a slower or faster rate than the model suggest. It may not take a couple 18 months for the third filter to become most important and the evidence suggests. Alongside to this, the FM doesn’t account for individual differences as it has only dealt with similarities of personality and attitudes. There are some couples who have nothing in common but their relationship is as strong as others who have everything in common. Sometimes it’s better to have fewer things in common than everything because couples can get bored of each other when everything they do is the same.

A Light In August Essays - Television, Light In August, Free Essays

A Light In August Essays - Television, Light In August, Free Essays A Light in August In the novel, A Light in August, William Faulkner introduces us to a wide range of characters of various backgrounds and personalities. Common to all of them is the fact that each is type cast into a certain role in the novel and in society. Lena is the poor, white trash southern girl who serves to weave the story together. Hightower is the fanatic preacher who is the dark, shameful secret of Jefferson. Joanna Burden is the middle-aged maiden from the north who is often accused of being a ?nigger-lover?. And Joe Christmas is the epitome of an outsider. None of them are conventional, everyday people. They are all in some way disjointed from society; they do not fit in with the crowd. That is what makes them intriguing and that is why Faulkner documents their story. Percy Grimm is another such character and he plays a vital role in the novel. He is the one to finally terminate Joe Christmas, who has been suffering his entire life. Grimm is the enforcer, the one man who will uphold American pride at all costs. He also stands for everything in the world that has held Christmas back. He is the prototype of the ruthless enemy who is the source of all of Christmas? struggles. And Christmas can never escape him. He can run, as he has been doing all his life and as he does in his desperate attempt to escape. But he can never hide, as he tries to do at Hightower?s and as he has been hiding his true self from the world he hates so much. Percy Grimm represents the unmerciful society that has restrained and persecuted Joe Christmas; it is only fitting that he should be the one to finally bring him down in the end. Percy Grimm was born into the American south and grew up to be a symbol and backbone of the environment he was raised in. His only regret in life is being born too late. He feels that his sole purpose in life would be to fight in World War I and defend the country to which he is completely and utterly devoted. But the war happened to occur in the time period where ?he should have been a man instead of a child? (Faulkner, p.450). So when he grows to be a man, he joins the National Guard, which is the closest thing to an army he can find. But instead of protecting the country from foreign enemies, his job with the National Guard entails protecting the country from certain things within itself. Joe Christmas and the situation he has created is a direct threat to Percy Grimm and the establishment he represents. Although Grimm?s primary objective is to protect Christmas from hostile crowds, Grimm is imprinted with a sort of primitive and instinctive hatred for who Joe Christmas is, what he is, and what he has done. Grimm sees him as a dangerous, unknown and more importantly ?nigger-blooded? criminal. He had the nerve to violate and savagely murder a white woman who happened to be part of Grimm?s specifically drawn definition of ?American?. He has adopted, adheres to, and enforces the ?belief that the white race is superior to any and all other races and that the American is superior to all other white races and that the American uniform is superior to all men, and that all that would ever be required of him in payment for this belief, this privilege, would be his own life? (Faulkner, p.451). Percy Grimm is a tough, humorless, and forceful individual who commands the respect of others. He is always on some sort of mission involving the preservation of order and he is determined to use all of his resources to accomplish his goal. Grimm is referred to by Faulkner as ?the Player?. His main purpose in the novel is to play the part of the executioner. Christmas does not stand much of a chance. Joe Christmas has always been hampered by a society that shuns him, alienates him, disgraces him and chases him away. Percy Grimm is the human representation of this society. The climactic chase scene between Grimm and Christmas is symbolic of how Christmas has been running from people and places all his life. He was on the road all the time and was never able to settle down in one place for a significant time period. Society never accepted his heritage and personality and so he was always running away from

World history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World history - Essay Example The battles are always between the higher powers, powers that greatly surpass our own human existence. The battle is between the gods and demons. As the story commences, we see that the Hindu god Vishnu is fighting a demon by the name of Ravana. In order for Vishnu to be able to fight Ravana successfully, he had to be reborn as a man. Vishnu, the Hindu God was therefore born as the prince Rama. From the start, deception is present. Rama and his wife Sita try to flee and live a life of solidarity and silence. During this time, the demon’s sister falls in love with Rama and tries to get him to leave his wife Sita. He was later attacked because of his negative response to the proposition laid out before him. Both Rama and his brother faught the attackers off. Ravana was still determined to get Rama so he lied and said that Rama’s wife had been mean to him and had attacked him. Ravana was trying to find a way to get at Rama and was holding a grudge. He was very upset because Rama had taken force to his sister in the act of protecting himself. It was done as self-defense. In an act of rage, Ravana ceased Rama’s wife and took her back to live with him. This was done by force. Rama gained help from the outside to get his wife back. Regardless of the situation, he was afraid that his wife had not been faithful to him and cast her out of his life. She was carrying twin boys who eventually ended up living with him. Rama eventually kills Ravana but not without a huge struggle. Rama â€Å"put† Sita through challenges. As a husband, he felt he had the right to â€Å"make sure† Sita still belonged to him. The way Rama treated Sita was immoral. But he was in reality a God. So, did he have the right to treat a human this way? As a God, Rama should know her heart, her thoughts. Rama should be aware of who she is as a person. Bringing her to his level of intelligence would have given her more dignity as a person. Abusing his

Audience Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Audience Analysis - Essay Example If a neighbor has the gun, then his or her neighbors will also clamor to have guns; in effect, resulting in an arms race. Because of the recent random mass shootings in which innocent people got killed, citizens now question the wisdom of having the Second Amendment, and the urgent need for gun controls. People who oppose guns come from a wide variety of sectors. The demographic factors are a mixture of concerned parents, peace advocates, worried citizens, and many other groups. In particular, the factors are by gender, age, race, educational attainment, income level, the martial status, party affiliation, religious preference, and the region or geography (Pew Research Center, 2011, para. 4). The politics of gun control and gun rights is complicated; public opinion on this matter has shifted markedly over the years. The audience profile should be analyzed so a speech can be suited to that particular demographic factor; for example, an audience composed mainly of well-educated people will most likely respond to logos, which is an appeal based on logic or reason while an audience composed of females may respond to pathos, an appeal to emotions. It is the duty of a speaker to research his audience in advance, so the speech can be a success. Pew Research Center (2011, January 13). Views of gun control – A detailed demographic breakdown. Pew Research Organization. Retrieved May 24, 2013, from

Use of cell phones in a workplace Essay Example for Free

Use of cell phones in a workplace Essay The use of mobile phones has become pervasive not only for social interaction but also in the day to day transactions. Tyrone Garage is a business where they are four (4) mechanics that travel around the country to repair customer vehicles 24 hours a day and also travel overseas to buy different car parts. Among the types of repair that Tyrone and his employees perform are tyre change or repair, tyre rotation, brake jobs, oil change , belt change etc . The use of nokia phones allow the mechanics to ommunicate with the garage, so they aware of where they are and can provide them with new customer information. The phones also allow the mechanics to communicate with customers such as getting the customer directions to their location. Although the garage and mechanics will call each other on the same network, the calls to customers will be on different networks. Tyrone Garage has a monthly plan with Digicel which includes 1500 minutes a month to be split between all the mechanics phones and this is used for communication between both the arage and the customers. Tyrone Garage employees use the nokia cell phones to set reminders of appointments that customer would have made. The nokia phones allows you to instantly check appointments you can also install an instant messaging chat whatsapp so you can communicate with an employee, or with the person you intend to meet at any time to confirm, clarify, or alter meeting details (e. g. location, time). This means that if meeting needs to be changed at the last minute, all parties involved can be informed quickly, even if on their way there. Three security features of Nokia phones that are useful to employees of Tyrone Garage are: Remote locking using SMS messages or security code Remote locking allows the device lock to be activated remotely where they will be a timing set on it where it can lock on it own. The end user themselves can do this by sending an sms from another user or sms emulator as long as a remote locking code is predefined in the terminal. Remote locking code can be from 5 to 20 characters or digits. If the device is lost the person who finds the phone still cannot activate any nformation on the phone even if they change the sim card because when they insert the new sim card and turn on the phone that person has to enter a security code before the phone is actually boot up. This feature reduces the risk of the device being stolen and increases the possibility of having the phone returned if misplaced or lost since it has the company label at the back of the phone. Call Barring This feature allows the employer to restrict all international outgoing calls from employees phone